Numerical simulation as a tool for predicting mechanical damage in fresh fruit

The advancement of computer science has encouraged engineers and researchers to use simulation techniques for the design and evaluation of agricultural machinery and food industry equipment. The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method used to solve complex problems, such as impact phenomena, in harvest and postharvest processes. In this paper, the FEM procedure, elastic-plastic and viscoelastic properties of agricultural products, quasistatic and dynamic tests, and the stress generated during the post-harvest process has been reviewed. In addition, the application of FEM for the analysis of bruise volume and susceptibility is described. Finite element analysis is an appropriate method to reduce negative effects on agriculture products caused by harvesting and post-harvesting machines. This paper is intended for researchers interested in the design, optimisation, and development of harvesting or post-harvesting equipment for achieving the best final quality of the fruit.