Searching for the Profitability of Energy Crops: An Agroecological–Economic Land Use Suitability (AE-landUSE) Model

The current geopolitical and energy market instability calls for speeding up the EU clean energy transition to increase energy security in all the European regions and make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. Among renewable energies, modern bioenergy is a promising near-zero-emission fuel for increasing energy security in the heating, electricity and transport sectors while promoting growth and job creation, especially in rural areas. In such a context, energy crops will continue to play a key role. Since agricultural planning is a complex issue, especially when energy crops could compete with food ones, we propose an agroecological–economic land use suitability model (AE-landUSE model) to promote the sustainable use of land resources. The AE-landUSE model was developed by integrating cost–benefit analysis (CBA) and land use suitability analysis (LSA) within geographic information systems (GISs). Tested in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy), comparing two different energy crops (rapeseed and cardoon), the results show the model’s utility in identifying suitable areas for energy crops where the investments will be cost-effective. The proposed model will help decision-makers in energy-agricultural planning to increase energy security sustainably.