Patrimoni e paesaggi identitari del primo Novecento, tra modernità e tradizione. Recupero di un passato recente, tra Tecnica e Architettura.

The Modern Movement represents one of the most beautiful pages of the cultural and architectural history of Europe and Italy. The ferments of vanguards brought to the birth of new industries through the development of technical equipment and technological systems, above all in the building field. In this context new stilemas and architectural characters took shape, defined as “New Modern Architecture”. Europe attended the birth of the International Style, a movement aimed at researching a new architectural response to the social-economical changes. In Italy, at the same time, the “Italian Rationalism” started, which, still fought between a traditionalist style and avanguardist one, looked towards the new ferments over the Alps. The development of the building techniques and the use more and more widespread of the reinforced concrete consented to define qualitative and typological characters of the new architectures (like the cantilever roofs, the big lights in the buildings, the monumentality of the portals, the regularity of the openings in the fronts, the glazed walls), which consented to free the prospecta from the rigid froms of the stereometric building. At the same time, the industrial development and, above all, the one of the building materials, has been giving a great support to such a process of innovation in the sector. The policies of autarchy of the time boosted the use and the development of local materials, contributing to the definition of an Italian style. The activity of conservation and safeguard of the architectural Modern heritage are carried out through the preliminary recognition of the architectural works having a distinctly artistic character and of strong elegance for the contemporary architectural culture to subdue to particular forms of attention and preservation. The individuation of such works, from a normative point of view, occurs through the statement of important artistic and architectural nature with the attachment of constraints because of “particularly important works because of their relation to the political, military, literature and culture in general history, that is as witness of the identity and the history of the public, collective or religious institutions” (according to the art. 10 part 3 letter d) of the Code of the cultural heritage and the landscape, D. Lgs. 42/04). Today, after almost a century of history, these architectures can be considered this way as historic identitary heritage to protect and preserve, even not enough recognized as “cultural heritage”. So, we can’t leave aside a careful research and a consequent document production for the protection and valorization of the buildings and the urban complexes of the Modern Movement, symbols of a process of technological and industrial innovation. The research project, thus, has the purpose to provide a mean aimed at the historic, architectural and costructive knowledge of these buildings, with the specific purpose of drawing up “guide-lines” for the recover and critical preservation of such a heritage.