Modeling Short-Term Landscape Modification and Sedimentary Budget Induced by Dam Removal: Insights from LEM Application

Simulation scenarios of sediment flux variation and topographic changes due to dam removal have been investigated in a reservoir catchment of the axial zone of southern Italy through the application of a landscape evolution model (i.e.,: the Caesar–Lisflood landscape evolution models, LEM). LEM simulation highlights that the abrupt change in base level due to dam removal induces a significant increase in erosion ability of main channels and a strong incision of the reservoir infill. Analysis of the sediment dynamics resulting from the dam removal highlights a significant increase of the total eroded volumes in the post dam scenario of a factor higher than 4. Model results also predict a strong modification of the longitudinal profile of main channels, which promoted fluvial incision upstream and downstream of the former reservoir area. Such a geomorphic response is in Agreement with previous analysis of the fluvial system short-term response induced by base-level lowering, thus demonstrating the reliability of LEM-based analysis for solving open problems in applied geomorphology such as perturbations and short-term landscape modification natural processes or human impact.