In-between sprawl and neo-rurality: Sparse settlements and the evolution of socio-demographic local context in a Mediterranean region

Dispersed urbanization during the last half century has transformed metropolitan regions into well-connected, low-density residential areas. However, this kind of urbanization has changed irreversibly the traditional rural landscape around cities, leading to a new definition of 'rurality'. The present work discusses the intimate relationship between urban sprawl and new forms of rurality. Considering economic downturns and the possible impact on landscape transformations, our study focuses on a representative Mediterranean case of urban sprawl (the metropolitan region of Athens, Greece). In this area, urban settlements expanded rapidly into fringe land, producing relevant socio-demographic transformations that have determined uneven changes in rural landscapes. A spatially-explicit investigation of local-scale dynamics that characterize population residing in sparse settlements over a long time period (1961-2011)-encompassing distinct phases of urban growth and rural development-is relevant for analysis of local changes in the relationship between sprawl and new forms of rurality. A new concept of 'rurality'-adapting to rapidly-evolving, mixed rural/peri-urban contexts-require reframing the relationship between rural landscapes, scattered settlements, economic cycles and socio-demographic aspects, in the light of a truly sustainable development of local territories.