The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide-Derived Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Diseases

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a metabolically active, endocrine orthat plays a crucial role in regulating blood vessel tone, endothelial funvascular smooth muscle cell growth, and proliferation and contributes ficantly to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In a healthy sigPVAT displays anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties, which are critical for maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, under cerpathophysiological conditions, PVAT exerts pro-contractile effects by decreasithe production of anticontractile and/or increasing that of pro-contractile factIn this context, recent studies have identified hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a key vascular anti-contractile factor released from PVAT. The enzymes responsible H2S biosynthesis are differentially expressed in PVAT, depending on the vaslar bed and species, and their function can be altered by metabolic and cardicular diseases. These alterations can influence 2SH signalling, further contributing to vascular dysfunction. PVAT-derived2SH may have particular importance in obesity-related vascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes as has direct paracrine effects on the vasculature. Understanding the role of PVAderived H2S in both healthy and diseased states may provide new insights preventing vascular dysfunction associated with PVAT changes. The dissectiof the specific contributions of each enzyme involved in PVAT-derived2S biosynthesis could be relevant to fully understanding the complex role2SofinH vascular health vs vascular disease. Further research into modulating PVAderived H2S provides an exciting avenue to explore novel pharmacologictargets against vascular disease pathogenesis.