Urban Water Infrastructures of The 20th Century in Historical Contexts: The Case Study of The Grabiglioni in The Sassi of Matera, Italy

The Sassi of Matera represent a historical model of intelligent urbanization, integrating architecture with the natural environment through an advanced water management system. The Grabiglioni, natural watercourses, were key to controlling surface runoff and were complemented by artificial cisterns and channels, helping maintain ecological balance. These waterways shaped Matera’s unique morphology, including the Civita spur and the districts of Sasso Barisano and Sasso Caveoso. This system, in use for centuries, remained largely intact until the early 20th century, when the channels were roofed over to construct roadways and underground sewer collectors. Archival research has uncovered original design documents detailing the construction of these underground infrastructures. These records reveal materials and building techniques, offering insights into past construction practices and enriching our understanding of historical technological knowledge within its cultural and environmental context. To preserve and disseminate this information, the drawings have been digitized, making them accessible with modern tools. These early 20th-century structures, still functioning today, are vital to managing urban rainwater. Yet, due to their underground location, they remain largely unknown and undervalued. This study aims to highlight their historical and functional significance, bringing attention to an essential but overlooked aspect of Matera’s heritage.