The proposed contribution deals with the topic of contemporary rural heritage knowledge, relating to the agrarian colonization that took place between the first and second half of the 20th century in Italy and Spain. In particular, the relevance of systematising and disseminating a number of examples of historical-testimonial value - many of which are still little known, currently in a state of abandonment or even never built - plays a fundamental role in their rediscovery, in order to imagine their possible recovery and the promotion of interventions aimed at safeguarding this huge urban and architectural heritage that still exists. In this regard, direct research and surveying of buildings, both public and residential and service ones, are essential to understand their evolution over time, starting from documentary sources and historical archive materials that are not always accessible and easy to consult, also through the use of digital methodologies and tools related to the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) field. The development and management of information systems with the help of HBIM (Historical/Heritage Building Information Modeling) digital models applied to the existing built (or merely designed) heritage is of fundamental importance from several points of view. On the one hand, the systematization of archival sources, often heterogeneous, in a holistic and constantly implementable database is crucial for the rediscovery and scientific dissemination of this conspicuous existing heritage that is often still little known. On the other hand, such methodological approaches can be useful tools for developing hypotheses and strategies aimed at the recovery, protection and re-functionalization of these founding agricultural settlements. As will be previously pointed out in this study, while the use of digital technologies and methods oriented towards the survey and knowledge of the historical and monumental building heritage has already been relevant in scientific and applied fields from quite some time now, there is still a limited interest in the use of these information systems with regard to the topic of modern and contemporary architecture, and in this case the so-called ‘minor’ architecture, existing in both urban and rural areas. A number of case studies will then be presented and briefly analysed concerning the survey and reconstruction with HBIM digital models of certain building typologies found in some villages of the agrarian land reform in Basilicata and in Spanish pueblos de colonización. The above mentioned proposed experimentations are the result of different research works developed, in the academic field, over the last few years starting from some previous studies and reference investigations on the subject, developed by a research group of the University of Basilicata. Specifically, the three cases presented in this study are related to certain architectural typologies for public, residential and service use designed for the two residential type villages of Santa Maria d’Irsi (1948-1951) in the countryside of Irsina and La Martella (1951-1955), both in the province of Matera, as well as for the Iberian pueblo of Cañada de Agra (1962-1965) in Castilla-La Mancha.
Il contributo proposto è riferito al tema della conoscenza del patrimonio rurale contemporaneo, relativo all’ambito della colonizzazione agraria avvenuta a cavallo tra il primo e il secondo Novecento in Italia e Spagna. In particolare, l’importanza della sistematizzazione e della diffusione di alcuni esempi di valore storico-testimoniale – molti dei quali ancora poco conosciuti, attualmente in stato di abbandono o addirittura mai realizzati – riveste un ruolo fondamentale ai fini di una loro riscoperta, per immaginarne un possibile recupero e la promozione di interventi volti alla salvaguardia di questo ingente patrimonio urbanistico e architettonico tutt’ora esistente. In tal senso, le indagini dirette e il rilievo sui manufatti edilizi, sia a uso pubblico che residenziale e di servizio, risultano essenziali per comprenderne la loro evoluzione nel tempo, a partire dalle fonti documentali e dai materiali d’archivio storici non sempre accessibili e di facile fruizione, anche attraverso l’utilizzo di metodologie e strumenti digitali afferenti al campo dell’ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). La strutturazione e la gestione di apparati informativi mediante l’ausilio di modelli digitali di tipo HBIM (Historical/Heritage Building Information Modeling) applicati alla conoscenza del patrimonio contemporaneo costruito (o solamente progettato) assume una rilevanza essenziale sotto diversi punti di vista. Da un lato, la sistematizzazione delle fonti archivistiche, spesso tra loro eterogenee, in un database di tipo olistico e costantemente implementabile risulta determinante per la riscoperta e la divulgazione scientifica di questo cospicuo patrimonio esistente spesso ancora poco noto. Dall’altro, invece, tali approcci metodologici possono costituire strumenti utili per sviluppare ipotesi e strategie finalizzate al recupero, alla tutela e alla rifunzionalizzazione di questi insediamenti agricoli di fondazione. Come si cercherà di evidenziare preliminarmente in questo studio, mentre l’impiego di tecnologie digitali e metodi orientati al rilievo e alla conoscenza del patrimonio edilizio storico e monumentale ha assunto ormai già da diverso tempo una sua rilevanza in ambito scientifico e applicativo, si riscontra ancora un interesse circoscritto per quanto concerne l’uso di questi sistemi informativi rispetto al tema dell’architettura moderna e contemporanea, e nella fattispecie di quella cosiddetta ‘minore’, presente sia in ambito urbano che rurale. Verranno quindi presentati e analizzati brevemente alcuni casi studio inerenti al rilievo e alla ricostruzione con modelli digitali di tipo HBIM di alcune tipologie edilizie presenti in alcuni borghi della riforma agraria in Basilicata e nei pueblos de colonización spagnoli. Le suddette sperimentazioni proposte sono frutto di differenti lavori di ricerca sviluppati, in ambito accademico, nel corso degli ultimi anni a partire da alcuni studi e indagini precedenti di riferimento sull’argomento, elaborati da un gruppo di ricerca dell’Università degli Studi della Basilicata. Nello specifico, i tre casi esposti in questo studio sono relativi ad alcune tipologie architettoniche a uso pubblico, abitativo e di servizio progettate per i borghi di tipo residenziale di Santa Maria d’Irsi (1948- 1951) in agro d’Irsina e di La Martella (1951-1955), entrambi realizzati in provincia di Matera, nonché per il pueblo iberico di Cañada de Agra (1962-1965) in Castilla-La Mancha.
I borghi rurali della riforma agraria: ricostruzioni digitali per la conoscenza e la valorizzazione del patrimonio architettonico contemporaneo
Antonio Bixio;
2024-01-01
Abstract
The proposed contribution deals with the topic of contemporary rural heritage knowledge, relating to the agrarian colonization that took place between the first and second half of the 20th century in Italy and Spain. In particular, the relevance of systematising and disseminating a number of examples of historical-testimonial value - many of which are still little known, currently in a state of abandonment or even never built - plays a fundamental role in their rediscovery, in order to imagine their possible recovery and the promotion of interventions aimed at safeguarding this huge urban and architectural heritage that still exists. In this regard, direct research and surveying of buildings, both public and residential and service ones, are essential to understand their evolution over time, starting from documentary sources and historical archive materials that are not always accessible and easy to consult, also through the use of digital methodologies and tools related to the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) field. The development and management of information systems with the help of HBIM (Historical/Heritage Building Information Modeling) digital models applied to the existing built (or merely designed) heritage is of fundamental importance from several points of view. On the one hand, the systematization of archival sources, often heterogeneous, in a holistic and constantly implementable database is crucial for the rediscovery and scientific dissemination of this conspicuous existing heritage that is often still little known. On the other hand, such methodological approaches can be useful tools for developing hypotheses and strategies aimed at the recovery, protection and re-functionalization of these founding agricultural settlements. As will be previously pointed out in this study, while the use of digital technologies and methods oriented towards the survey and knowledge of the historical and monumental building heritage has already been relevant in scientific and applied fields from quite some time now, there is still a limited interest in the use of these information systems with regard to the topic of modern and contemporary architecture, and in this case the so-called ‘minor’ architecture, existing in both urban and rural areas. A number of case studies will then be presented and briefly analysed concerning the survey and reconstruction with HBIM digital models of certain building typologies found in some villages of the agrarian land reform in Basilicata and in Spanish pueblos de colonización. The above mentioned proposed experimentations are the result of different research works developed, in the academic field, over the last few years starting from some previous studies and reference investigations on the subject, developed by a research group of the University of Basilicata. Specifically, the three cases presented in this study are related to certain architectural typologies for public, residential and service use designed for the two residential type villages of Santa Maria d’Irsi (1948-1951) in the countryside of Irsina and La Martella (1951-1955), both in the province of Matera, as well as for the Iberian pueblo of Cañada de Agra (1962-1965) in Castilla-La Mancha.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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