The increasing use of advanced digital technologies in the field of cultural heritage conservation has led to the introduction of innovative methodologies such as the Digital Twin, which integrates environmental monitoring systems. This dissertation, a result of the Ph.D. program in Cities and Landscapes: Architecture, Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, History and Resources at the University of Basilicata, explores the application of Digital Twins and the implementation of an Integrated Information System for the management, monitoring, and restoration of cultural heritage sites. Special attention is given to the creation of detailed and dynamic digital models that can enhance maintenance planning and preventive conservation. The doctoral research involved multiple entities, including Digimat S.p.A., CNR-ISPC, and ENEA, which contributed to the development of a scalable and replicable methodology applicable to different cultural contexts. Firstly, Chapter I examines the state of the art in technologies for cultural heritage diagnostics and accessibility, focusing on technological evolution and various application domains. Special emphasis is placed on the concepts of Heritage Digital Twin Ontology (HDTO) and Heritage Digital Twin (HDT), which facilitate the design of compatibility systems and standards for cultural heritage, drawing from ontologies of other disciplines. The dissertation is directed toward the concepts of interoperability and interdisciplinarity, which form the foundation of a detailed, tailored methodological research approach for Preventive and Planned Conservation (PPC). Subsequently, Chapter II analyzes the characteristics and transformations of eXtended Reality (XR), highlighting its applications in various fields such as training and education, entertainment and gaming, medicine and healthcare, architecture, engineering and construction, marketing and retail, art, culture, and tourism, up to shared virtual worlds. Chapter III, explores the evolution of the Digital Twin (DT) concept, starting from Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Heritage-BIM (H-BIM) to advanced implementations based on real-time data collected through integrated sensors. The components and functionalities are described from the perspective of creating collaborative and immersive environments, which are the foundation of the possible convergence of DT, XR, and the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Chapter IV, introduces the core of the research by examining the Integrated Information System (IIS-OpenQLIVE). It provides a significant reference to European and Italian regulations aimed at minimizing the deterioration of museum collections and monitoring the climatic conditions for cultural heritage preservation. A section is dedicated to the market potential of IIS-OpenQLIVE in the cultural heritage sector, focusing on IoT tools and opportunities in monitoring applications. Chapter V, the heart of the dissertation, discusses the Basilicata Heritage Smart Lab (BHSL), an innovative project aimed at the conservation and enhancement of the cultural heritage of the Basilicata region through the integration of new digital technologies. The project activities include prototyping sensors for the conservation of artworks in selected cultural sites, including the rock church of Santa Margherita in Melfi (PZ, Italy) and Palazzo Ridola, home to the National Museum of Matera (MT, Italy), which serve as case studies for this research. The objective is to analyze environmental dynamics through the monitoring of stochastic variables and related conservation challenges, paving the way for simulations and predictive models. The data analysis has demonstrated the efficiency of the monitoring system within the two pilot sites, revealing consistency between monitored data and environmental data. Chapter VI, describes the thermographic acquisition activities conducted in July 2024 at the rock church site, analyzing thermal variations on the frescoed walls, near which contact temperature sensors were installed. The acquisitions were mapped onto the internal surfaces of the 3D model, developed by CNR-ISPC in Potenza, which was subsequently uploaded to the ATON framework. The connection between the 3D model and the IIS enabled the experimentation of a Digital Twin capable of visualizing graphical information (thermographies) and real-time monitoring data (data acquisition). Chapter VII, contains a summary of the research results, starting from the validation of the monitoring system, proceeding with the preliminary data analysis, and describing the interconnection of information within collaborative and interactive environments. The research asserts that the use of a structured methodology and the creation of precise and intelligent monitoring systems not only improve the understanding of the cultural site’s health status but also allow for the simulation of the impact of future events. This study contributes to expanding knowledge in the field of technologies serving proactive cultural heritage conservation, proposing a robust methodology for safeguarding historical and cultural resources for future generations.
Il crescente impiego di tecnologie digitali avanzate nel campo della conservazione del patrimonio culturale ha portato all’introduzione di metodologie innovative come il Gemello Digitale che integra sistemi di monitoraggio ambientale. Questa tesi, risultato del percorso di dottorato in Cities and Landscapes: Architecture, Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, History and Resources dell’Università della Basilicata, esplora l'applicazione dei Gemelli Digitali e l’implementazione di un Sistema Informativo Integrato per la gestione, il monitoraggio e il restauro di luoghi del patrimonio culturale, con particolare attenzione alla creazione di modelli digitali dettagliati e dinamici che possano migliorare la pianificazione degli interventi di manutenzione e la conservazione preventiva. Il dottorato di ricerca ha visto impegnati diversi soggetti tra cui Digimat S.p.A., CNR-ISPC ed ENEA che hanno contribuito alla realizzazione di una metodologia scalabile e replicabile a diversi contesti culturali. In primo luogo, nel Capitolo I, è stato esaminato uno stato dell’arte sulle tecnologie per la diagnostica e la fruizione dei beni culturali con attenzione posta all'evoluzione tecnologica e i diversi ambiti applicativi. Ci si è soffermati sui concetti di Heritage Digital Twin Ontology (HDTO) e Heritage Digital Twin (HDT) grazie ai quali si progettano sistemi di compatibilità e standard relativi al patrimonio culturale, partendo da ontologie di altre discipline. La dissertazione si è indirizzata verso i concetti di interoperabilità e interdisciplinarietà che rappresentano il substrato di una ricerca metodologica dettagliata e ad hoc verso una Conservazione Preventiva e Programmata (CPP). Successivamente, il Capitolo II, analizza le caratteristiche e le trasformazioni del concetto di eXtended Reality (XR), ponendo all’attenzione esempi di utilizzo in vari ambiti quali formazione e addestramento, intrattenimento e gaming, medicina e sanità, architettura, ingegneria e costruzioni, marketing e retail, arte, cultura e turismo, fino ad arrivare ai mondi virtuali condivisi. Nel Capitolo III, viene esaminata l'evoluzione del concetto di Digital Twin (DT), partendo dal Building Information Modeling (BIM) e dall'Heritage-BIM (H-BIM) fino alle implementazioni avanzate basate su dati in tempo reale raccolti tramite sensori integrati. Vengono descritte componenti e funzionalità nell’ottica della creazione di ambienti collaborativi ed immersivi alla base del possibile paradigma DT, XR e Internet of Things (IoT). Il Capitolo IV, apre al fulcro della ricerca ed esamina il Sistema Informativo Integrato (IIS-OpenQLIVE). Si fa un importante riferimento alle norme europee e italiane orientate a minimizzare il decadimento delle collezioni museali e al monitoraggio delle condizioni climatiche di conservazione dei Beni culturali. È dedicato un paragrafo sulle potenzialità del mercato per IIS-OpenQLIVE e il patrimonio culturale, concentrandosi su strumenti e opportunità dell’IoT nell’ambito del monitoraggio. Nel Capitolo V, cuore della dissertazione, si fa riferimento a Basilicata Heritage Smart Lab (BHSL) progetto innovativo che mira alla conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale della regione Basilicata attraverso l'integrazione di nuove tecnologie digitali. Tra le attività del progetto rientrano la prototipazione di sensori per la conservazione delle opere d'arte di alcuni luoghi della cultura tra cui la chiesa rupestre di santa Margherita a Melfi (PZ, Italia) e il palazzo Ridola sede del Museo Nazionale di Matera (MT, Italia), casi studio di questa ricerca. L'obiettivo è quello di analizzare le dinamiche ambientali attraverso il monitoraggio di variabili aleatorie e le conseguenti criticità di conservazione, aprendo le porte alla simulazione e ai modelli predittivi. L'analisi dei dati ottenuti ha dimostrato l'efficienza del sistema di monitoraggio all’interno dei due siti pilota, mostrando una coerenza tra i dati monitorati e i dati ambientali. Il Capitolo VI descrive le attività di acquisizione termografica realizzate a luglio 2024 presso il sito della chiesa rupestre, che analizzano le variazioni termiche sulle pareti affrescate, in prossimità delle quali sono installati i sensori di Temperatura a contatto. Le acquisizioni sono state mappate sulle superfici interne del modello 3D, realizzato dal CNR-ISPC di Potenza, che è stato successivamente caricato su framework ATON. La connessione tra il modello 3D e IIS ha permesso di sperimentare la creazione di un gemello digitale che permette di visualizzare informazioni grafiche (termografie) e dati di monitoraggio in tempo reale (acquisizione dati). Il Capitolo VII contiene la sintesi dei risultati raggiunti nella ricerca partendo dalla validazione del sistema di monitoraggio, passando per l’analisi preliminare dei dati e descrivendo l’interconnessione delle informazioni in ambienti collaborativi e interattivi. La ricerca asserisce che l'uso di una metodologia programmata e la creazione di sistemi di monitoraggio puntuale e intelligente non solo migliora la comprensione dello stato di salute del sito culturale, ma consente anche di simulare l'impatto di eventi futuri. Questa ricerca contribuisce all'espansione delle conoscenze nel campo delle tecnologie a servizio di una conservazione proattiva del patrimonio culturale, proponendo una valida metodologia per la salvaguardia delle risorse storiche e culturali per le generazioni future.
Cities and Landscapes: Architecture, Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, History and Resources / Liaci, Silvia. - (2025 Mar 27).
Cities and Landscapes: Architecture, Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, History and Resources
LIACI, SILVIA
2025-03-27
Abstract
The increasing use of advanced digital technologies in the field of cultural heritage conservation has led to the introduction of innovative methodologies such as the Digital Twin, which integrates environmental monitoring systems. This dissertation, a result of the Ph.D. program in Cities and Landscapes: Architecture, Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, History and Resources at the University of Basilicata, explores the application of Digital Twins and the implementation of an Integrated Information System for the management, monitoring, and restoration of cultural heritage sites. Special attention is given to the creation of detailed and dynamic digital models that can enhance maintenance planning and preventive conservation. The doctoral research involved multiple entities, including Digimat S.p.A., CNR-ISPC, and ENEA, which contributed to the development of a scalable and replicable methodology applicable to different cultural contexts. Firstly, Chapter I examines the state of the art in technologies for cultural heritage diagnostics and accessibility, focusing on technological evolution and various application domains. Special emphasis is placed on the concepts of Heritage Digital Twin Ontology (HDTO) and Heritage Digital Twin (HDT), which facilitate the design of compatibility systems and standards for cultural heritage, drawing from ontologies of other disciplines. The dissertation is directed toward the concepts of interoperability and interdisciplinarity, which form the foundation of a detailed, tailored methodological research approach for Preventive and Planned Conservation (PPC). Subsequently, Chapter II analyzes the characteristics and transformations of eXtended Reality (XR), highlighting its applications in various fields such as training and education, entertainment and gaming, medicine and healthcare, architecture, engineering and construction, marketing and retail, art, culture, and tourism, up to shared virtual worlds. Chapter III, explores the evolution of the Digital Twin (DT) concept, starting from Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Heritage-BIM (H-BIM) to advanced implementations based on real-time data collected through integrated sensors. The components and functionalities are described from the perspective of creating collaborative and immersive environments, which are the foundation of the possible convergence of DT, XR, and the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Chapter IV, introduces the core of the research by examining the Integrated Information System (IIS-OpenQLIVE). It provides a significant reference to European and Italian regulations aimed at minimizing the deterioration of museum collections and monitoring the climatic conditions for cultural heritage preservation. A section is dedicated to the market potential of IIS-OpenQLIVE in the cultural heritage sector, focusing on IoT tools and opportunities in monitoring applications. Chapter V, the heart of the dissertation, discusses the Basilicata Heritage Smart Lab (BHSL), an innovative project aimed at the conservation and enhancement of the cultural heritage of the Basilicata region through the integration of new digital technologies. The project activities include prototyping sensors for the conservation of artworks in selected cultural sites, including the rock church of Santa Margherita in Melfi (PZ, Italy) and Palazzo Ridola, home to the National Museum of Matera (MT, Italy), which serve as case studies for this research. The objective is to analyze environmental dynamics through the monitoring of stochastic variables and related conservation challenges, paving the way for simulations and predictive models. The data analysis has demonstrated the efficiency of the monitoring system within the two pilot sites, revealing consistency between monitored data and environmental data. Chapter VI, describes the thermographic acquisition activities conducted in July 2024 at the rock church site, analyzing thermal variations on the frescoed walls, near which contact temperature sensors were installed. The acquisitions were mapped onto the internal surfaces of the 3D model, developed by CNR-ISPC in Potenza, which was subsequently uploaded to the ATON framework. The connection between the 3D model and the IIS enabled the experimentation of a Digital Twin capable of visualizing graphical information (thermographies) and real-time monitoring data (data acquisition). Chapter VII, contains a summary of the research results, starting from the validation of the monitoring system, proceeding with the preliminary data analysis, and describing the interconnection of information within collaborative and interactive environments. The research asserts that the use of a structured methodology and the creation of precise and intelligent monitoring systems not only improve the understanding of the cultural site’s health status but also allow for the simulation of the impact of future events. This study contributes to expanding knowledge in the field of technologies serving proactive cultural heritage conservation, proposing a robust methodology for safeguarding historical and cultural resources for future generations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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