Comparación de resistencias a la compresión entre mampostería colonial mixta presente en edificaciones y fortificaciones de Cartagena, Colombia y muretes fabricados bajo criterios de construcción semejantes

The construction of the fortifications that defended the city of Cartagena de Indias for long periods of its history, had its great success in the strict and orderly character on which the selection of materials was based, an activity in which the quality of them always prevailed, over the difficulty of obtaining it. This, along with the importance of this city for being UNESCO heritage, led to the development of this research comparing the resistance to compression presented today by the mixed colonial masonry that is preserved in some buildings of the historic center of the city, with those generated by masonry walls built as a replica, under construction techniques and similar materials. The project was developed under mixed type research, with its respective bibliographic exploration, as well as on-site and laboratory tests. Tests were carried out on three groups of experimental walls, those made with currently available materials, those made with old salvaged materials and those extracted from a colonial house in the historic center. These values obtained by means of destructive tests, were used to calibrate an ultrasonic equipment with which a correlation of wave - resistance speed was determined, in order to determine the resistance to the ossible to extract samples based on this calibration and through non-destructive tests that allowed to compare all the elements tested, it was found that the resistance thrown by the e group of experimental walls extracted; being surpassed by the group of experimental walls built with new materials and those that presented the greatest resistance of all, those built with old salvaged materials. As a final product, an average compressive strength was determined for this type of mixed colonial masonry equal to 0.79 MPa and a modulus of elasticity correlated 790 MPa; which was compared with a similar wall exposed within the Italian regulations.