Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Historic Constructions: The Case of Masonry and Adobe Churches in Italy and Chile

Nowadays, disasters in seismic-prone areas such as Italy and Chile, continue to cause dramatic human and economic consequences and affecting, among others, very ancient and historical churches, due to their high seismic vulnerability and probably due to the lack of risk management plans for the conservation of cultural property. This paper focuses on rapid seismic risk assessment by applying two simplified methods, based on expert judgement and observed damage, in old masonry churches, which aim to identify the most vulnerable elements and correlated threats that would act as site effects under the seismic action, for establishing intervention priority lists and for planning preventive conservation projects. The case studies are: the church of Sant’Agostino, built in stone masonry and located in Matera, an area with moderate seismicity in southern Italy; the church of San Francisco de Chiu Chiu, built in adobe and located in Calama, an area with average seismicity in the Andean northern Chile; and the church of San Francisco Barón, built in adobe and brick masonry, and located in Valparaíso, an area with high seismicity on the central coast of Chile.