Cultural heritage management using analysis of satellite images and advanced GIS techniques at East Luxor, Egypt and Kangavar, Iran (a comparison case study)

Nowadays; the new technology like remote sensing techniques play an important role in cultural heritage management. Urban and agriculture crawling have become a universal problem in the developing countries like Egypt and Iran. This study deals with the spatial characterization over three times 1963, 1984 and 2017 of the buildup and vegetation indices around two important areas; east Luxor (Egypt) and Kangavar (Iran). For the both of investigated sites, environmental changes will detect using satellite Images indices in Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery and Sentinel 2 2016 available for free charge from the USGS Earth Explorer. The past and current urban and agricultural areas have been extracted by using consolidated remote sensing and GIS techniques. Analyses and quantification of the spatial dimension of the urban expansion show for both of the study sites in a significant percentage. As a whole, outputs from our investigations will clearly highlight of the environmental monitoring, and detect the changes between the indices of the both areas to observe and quantify urban and land use changes from a global view down to a local scale to protect the archaeological areas.