Aphids: Biology, Ecology, and Management

Past studies have identified 18 species of aphids attacking tomato in open-field agriculture and greenhouses. However an in-depth review of the literature reveals only two species, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), as frequent and common aphid pests of tomato throughout the world. In this chapter, we review the identification, general biology, distribution, host range, and seasonal occurrence of these two aphids and discuss how they damage plants. We present research that has attempted to develop sampling strategies and devise economic thresholds. Furthermore, we review the history and current status of strategies used to manage M. euphorbiae and M. persicae. These strategies are presented under the broad headings of chemical control, biological control, host-plant resistance, cultural control, and others. With the wealth of information contained in this chapter, the reader will gain valuable insight into where we have been, and where we are likely to proceed in dealing with aphids on tomato.