Laser hardening of AISI 52100 bearing steel with a discrete fiber laser spot

Surface hardening with discrete laser spot treatment is an interesting solution since the adoption of a single pulse allows the treatment of different surface geometries avoiding the effect of back tempering. The aim of this work is to find a suitable process window in which operate to get best results in terms of hardness, diameter and depth of the treated region. A single pulse out of a fiber laser source impinging on a bearing hypereutectoid steel was used using different power values, pulse energy and defocussing distances, in order to get the optimal process parameters. The dimensions of the hardened zone and its hardness were then acquired and related to the laser process parameters, to the prior microstructure of the steel (spheroidized and tempered after oil quenching) and to the roughness on the specimen before the laser treatment. Experimental results highlighted that both the surface condition (in terms of roughness) and the initial steel microstructure have a great influence on the achieved hardness values and on the dimension of the laser hardened layer. The pulse energy and power strongly affected the dimension of the hardened layer, too.